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List - I	List - II
(A)Asynchronous	(I) A pulse that cause a logic device to be activated or change state
(B)Trigger	(II) The operation is not executed in step with the clock
(C) J-K Flip flop	(III) Flip flop and atleast set, reset toggle and hold modes of operation
(D) D Flip flop	(IV) Flip flop with atleast set and rest modes of operations.

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Solution

Qus : 9CUET PG MCA PYQ

Consider a system with 1K pages and 512 frames and each page is of size 2 KB. How many bits are required to represent the virtual address space memory:

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Solution

To determine the number of bits required to represent the virtual address space:

Number of pages = 1K = $2^10$.
Page size = 2 KB = $2^{11}$ bytes.
Virtual address space = Number of pages × Page size = $2^{10}×2^{11}=2^{21}$ bytes.
Bits required =21 bits.

Qus : 10CUET PG MCA PYQ

Each node is having a successor node in ________________:

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Qus : 11CUET PG MCA PYQ

How does the number of page frames affect and number of page faults for a given memory access pattern in FIFO page replacement algorithm?

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Qus : 12CUET PG MCA PYQ

Arrange the following in increasing order of their per unit cost.

(A) DRAM

(B) Magnetic disk

(D) SRAM

(E) Magnetic tape

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Solution

Qus : 13CUET PG MCA PYQ

Match List – I with List – II

List - I	List - II
(A) Flash Memory	(I) Oldest and Slowest
(B) PMOS	(II) Used in large scale integration (LSI)
(C) NMOS	(III) Least power consumption
(D) CMOS	(IV) Non volatile RAM which is powered continuously

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Solution

Flash Memory (A):
- Flash memory is a type of non-volatile RAM that retains data even when power is turned off. It is often used in devices like USB drives, SSDs, and memory cards.
PMOS (B):
- PMOS (P-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) is one of the oldest and slowest types of MOSFET technology. It was widely used in early integrated circuits.
NMOS (C):
- NMOS (N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) is commonly used in large-scale integration (LSI) due to its faster switching speed compared to PMOS.
CMOS (D):
- CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) is known for its low power consumption because it uses both PMOS and NMOS transistors in a complementary way, reducing static power dissipation.

Qus : 14CUET PG MCA PYQ

Consider a completely skewed (left / right) binary search tree with n elements. What is the worst case time complexity of searching an element in this tree?

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Qus : 15CUET PG MCA PYQ

If we want to find last node of a singly linked list then the correct coding is

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Qus : 16CUET PG MCA PYQ

The function represented by the k-map given below is

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Qus : 17CUET PG MCA PYQ

Let A’ represent complement of A. Which of the following boolean expressions is/are true?

(A) A +AB=A

(B) (A+B)'= A'B'

(D) (AB)'= A'+B'

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Solution

Qus : 18CUET PG MCA PYQ

A logic circuit, that can odd two 1-bit numbers and produce output for sum and carry but cannot handle carry, input, is called ____________.

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Qus : 19CUET PG MCA PYQ

On a system using simple segmentation, following is the segment table:

Segment	Limit	Base
0	500	1000
1	200	2000
2	300	2500
3	100	1700

What is the physical address for the logical address 2, 212?

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Qus : 20CUET PG MCA PYQ

Arrange the following in the increasing order of their asympotic complexities:

(A) Insertion sort (best case)

(B) Bubble sort (worst case)

(D) Merge sort (worst case)

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Qus : 21CUET PG MCA PYQ

Decreasing the RAM of a computer typically leads to which of the following outcomes ?

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Qus : 22CUET PG MCA PYQ

We can say that a schedule is conflict serializable?

(1) If a schedule T can be transformed into a serial schedule U by a series of swaps of conflicting operations.

(2) If a schedule T can be transformed into a serial schedule U by a series of swaps of nonconflicting operations.

(3) If a schedule T can be transformed into a non serial schedule U by a series of swaps of conflicting operations.

(4) If a schedule T can be transformed into a non serial schedule U by a series of swaps of non conflicting operations.

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Qus : 23CUET PG MCA PYQ

The following integers are needed to be stored in ascending order using bubble sort.

5, 8, 22, 18, 1

Following are the results of various passes during the sorting process.

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Qus : 24CUET PG MCA PYQ

The range of integers that can be represented by a 2’s complements number system is ________.where is n is number of bits in number.

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Qus : 25CUET PG MCA PYQ

Given $\sqrt{(224)_r}=(13)_r$ where r is the radix. The value of r is _________________.

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Solution

Qus : 26CUET PG MCA PYQ

What are the ways to implement a priority Queue?

(A) Arrays

(B) Fibonacci tree

(D) Linked list

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

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Solution

Ways to Implement a Priority Queue

The correct answer is:

(A) Arrays, (C) Heap Data Structure, and (D) Linked List

Explanation:

Arrays:
- Unsorted Array: Insertion is O(1), Deletion is O(n).
- Sorted Array: Insertion is O(n), Deletion is O(1).
Heap Data Structure:
- Binary heaps are commonly used for efficient implementation.
- Insertion and Deletion take O(log n) time.
Linked List:
- Can be implemented as sorted or unsorted.
- Efficiency depends on the choice of implementation.

Why not Fibonacci Tree?

Fibonacci trees are not used directly for priority queues. However, Fibonacci heaps (a separate data structure) can implement priority queues efficiently.

Qus : 27CUET PG MCA PYQ

An operating system cotains 4 user processor each requiring 5 units of resource R. The minimum number ofrequired units of R such that no deadlock will every occur is

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Solution

Minimum Number of Required Units of Resource R to Prevent Deadlock

Number of processes (P) = 4 Maximum demand per process = 5 units
Formula: R≥(P−1)×max demand+1

Substituting values:
R≥(4−1)×5+1=3×5+1=15+1=16
Minimum required units of resource R = 16

Qus : 28CUET PG MCA PYQ

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: 011010 is 2's complement representation of -37.

Statement II: 111₍₈₎ is octal representation of 73.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

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Solution

Qus : 29CUET PG MCA PYQ

The current allocation and Maximum requirement of different types of resources for four processes are given below:

Consider the following four statements.
(A) P2 → P4 → P1 → P3 is a safe sequence
(B) P4 → P2 → P1 → P3 is a safe sequence
(C) P4 → P2 → P3 → P1 is a safe sequence
(D) P1 → P4 → P2 → P3 is a safe sequence

Identify correct statements from the given options.

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Solution

Banker's Algorithm Solution

Step 1: Need Matrix

The Need Matrix is calculated as:

Need = Max - Allocation

Process	R1	R2	R3
P1	4	5	2
P2	1	0	1
P3	6	0	0
P4	0	1	0

Step 2: Initial Available Resources

The Available resources at the start are:

R1 = 4
R2 = 4
R3 = 5

Step 3: Evaluate Each Sequence

Sequence (A): P2 → P4 → P1 → P3

P2: Need = [1, 0, 1], Available = [4, 4, 5]. Allocate resources. New Available = [7, 5, 7].
P4: Need = [0, 1, 0], Available = [7, 5, 7]. Allocate resources. New Available = [10, 7, 9].
P1: Need = [4, 5, 2], Available = [10, 7, 9]. Allocate resources. New Available = [14, 8, 11].
P3: Need = [6, 0, 0], Available = [14, 8, 11]. Allocate resources. New Available = [17, 12, 14].

Result: Sequence (A) is valid.

Sequence (B): P2 → P1 → P3 → P4

P2: Need = [1, 0, 1], Available = [4, 4, 5]. Allocate resources. New Available = [7, 5, 7].
P1: Need = [4, 5, 2], Available = [7, 5, 7]. Allocate resources. New Available = [11, 6, 9].
P3: Need = [6, 0, 0], Available = [11, 6, 9]. Allocate resources. New Available = [14, 10, 12].
P4: Need = [0, 1, 0], Available = [14, 10, 12]. Allocate resources. New Available = [17, 12, 14].

Result: Sequence (B) is valid.

Sequence (C): P4 → P2 → P3 → P1

P4: Need = [0, 1, 0], Available = [4, 4, 5]. Allocate resources. New Available = [7, 6, 7].
P2: Need = [1, 0, 1], Available = [7, 6, 7]. Allocate resources. New Available = [10, 7, 9].
P3: Need = [6, 0, 0], Available = [10, 7, 9]. Allocate resources. New Available = [14, 8, 11].
P1: Need = [4, 5, 2], Available = [14, 8, 11]. Allocate resources. New Available = [17, 12, 14].

Result: Sequence (C) is valid.

Sequence (D): P1 → P4 → P2 → P3

P1: Need = [4, 5, 2], Available = [4, 4, 5]. Cannot proceed as Need > Available.

Result: Sequence (D) is invalid.

Final Answer:

Safe Sequences: (A), (B), (C)

Invalid Sequence: (D)

Qus : 30CUET PG MCA PYQ

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A : Binary information is represented in digital in terms of 'zeros' and 'ones.

Reason R: Digital computers are electronic devices, which operate using electrical voltages.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

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Solution

Qus : 31CUET PG MCA PYQ

Match List – I with List – II

List - I (Algorithms)	List - II (Complexity)
(A) Bellman - Ford algorithm (with adjacencylist representation)	(I) $O(\|V\|^2)$
(B) Dijkstra Algorithm	(II) O((V+E) logV)
(C) Prim’s Algorithm	(III) O(mn)
(D) Topological sorting (with adjacency list representation)	(IV) O(m+n)

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Solution

Qus : 32CUET PG MCA PYQ

Which of the following storage hardwares can be used as a back-up device?

A. HDD

B. ROM

C. RAM

D. Cache

E. Magnetic Tape

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Qus : 33CUET PG MCA PYQ

Consider the following statements

(A) RAM is a combinational circuit

(B) RAM is sequential circuit

(D) PLA is a sequential circuit

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Qus : 34CUET PG MCA PYQ

The idea of cache memory is based on the which of the following?

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Qus : 35CUET PG MCA PYQ

Which of the following is not an applicaiton of Stack?

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Solution

Qus : 36CUET PG MCA PYQ

In a processor, while executing an instruction

A. Programme Counter is used to hold the address of next instruction.

B. Instruction register holds the instruction for execution.

C. Memory Address Register is used to perform address translation.

D. Memory Data Register is used to perform data operation

E. Clock generates control signals.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

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Qus : 37CUET PG MCA PYQ

How many child processes will be created by following fork() system call?

fork();

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Solution

Given: 4 calls to fork().

Formula: Total processes created = 2^n

Calculation:

Total processes = 2^4 = 16
Child processes = 16 - 1 = 15

Answer: 15 child processes

Qus : 38CUET PG MCA PYQ

Match List – I with List – II

List - I	List - II
(A) Critical Region	(I) Circular Wait
(B) Working Set	(II) Condition variable
(C) Deadlock	(III) Principle of locality
(D) Wait/Signal	(IV) Mutual Exclusion

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Solution

Matching List-I with List-II:

List - I	List - II	Explanation
Critical Region	Mutual Exclusion (IV)	The critical region ensures mutual exclusion, allowing only one process to access a shared resource at a time.
Working Set	Principle of Locality (III)	The working set is a concept used in memory management, based on the principle of locality to predict the set of pages a process is likely to use.
Deadlock	Circular Wait (I)	One of the necessary conditions for a deadlock is circular wait, where processes are waiting for resources held by one another in a circular chain.
Wait/Signal	Condition Variable (II)	The wait and signal operations are synchronization mechanisms associated with condition variables in multi-threaded environments.

Final Answer:

(A) → (IV), (B) → (III), (C) → (I), (D) → (II)

Qus : 39CUET PG MCA PYQ

Consider the following tree. This is a / a _________________

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Qus : 40CUET PG MCA PYQ

In a computer if the page fault service time is 10 ms and average memory access time is 30 ns. If one page faultis generated for every 106 memory accesses. What is the effective access time for the memory?

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Qus : 41CUET PG MCA PYQ

The simplified form of Boolean expression:

$\overline{A}BC+ABC$ is

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Ways to Implement a Priority Queue

Explanation:

Why not Fibonacci Tree?

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Banker's Algorithm Solution

Step 1: Need Matrix

Step 2: Initial Available Resources

Step 3: Evaluate Each Sequence

Sequence (A): P2 → P4 → P1 → P3

Sequence (B): P2 → P1 → P3 → P4

Sequence (C): P4 → P2 → P3 → P1

Sequence (D): P1 → P4 → P2 → P3

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Answer: 15 child processes

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